Guillain-Barré syndrome outbreaks: A call for vigilance and preventive action

Dear Editor,

The uncommon and severe neurological condition known as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is characterized by immune-mediated polyneuropathy that follows an infection. Generally, weakness and tingling are the original symptoms, but wide neuropathy can develop quickly. In an unexpected surge of GBS cases in early 2025, the first reported case involved a 64-year-old woman from Pune.¹ According to the rearmost reports, there have been a total of 225 cases, with 197 certified and 28 suspected.² Official statistics indicate that GBS resulted in around 12 deaths, but it conceded that underreporting in India could lead to an advanced accurate figure.² The state of Maharashtra, India, has been especially affected. Cases have also been reported in other Indian states such as Assam, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.³

Clinical symptoms have been the primary foundation for related cases of GBS, and recommended protocols haven’t been adhered to. Surveillance works have indicated that contamination from Campylobacter jejuni and Norovirus, discovered in 144 polluted water sources, is the leading cause of infection.² To assess the situation and develop mitigation strategies, a rapid-fire-response crew from the state has been deployed. Because of limited public awareness and an insufficient healthcare structure, countries with low and middle incomes are particularly liable to these outbreaks. It’s important to flashback that the primary triggers of these outbreaks are usual microorganisms that lead to gastroenteritis, and applicable regulations need to be established to address this issue.⁴

To stop outbreaks, public education about hand hygiene, sterile water, and how to properly dispose of feces should be given top precedence, particularly in remote areas. The government should also carry out an in-depth exploration to corroborate that these conditions are waterborne. In order to help prevent unborn health problems, visionary approaches should be implemented by administering new programs and regulations.